Byron Campbell

Emma April 24, 2010

Emma at Williamsburg, 2008

Claire & Emma at Williamsburg Dec. 2008

Christiana Campbell's Tavern at Williamsburg, VA

Byron in Kauai, Hawaii 2008

Claire & Byron in Kauai, Hawaii Nov. 2008

My pride & joy, daughter Emma Cox

My sweet wife (my other pride and joy) on our 24th Anniversary at Hershey, Pa.

Claire and I before 64th Birthday at Moshulu Restaurant at Penn's Landing in Philadelphia

December 4, 1982

Love of my life - Claire

Bye By

Wally, the Spook

Inveraray & the Admiral

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the Campbells of Monmouth County, NJ

This, the traditional song of the Campbell, especially when played on the bagpipes, has for centuries stirred the breasts of loyal Scotsmen, where ever and whenever heard.

The family or clan, Na Cambuelich, goes back to folklore and history to the year 404 A.D. when the Argyle family were the possessors of Lochawe, in Argyleshire, Scotland.

Authentic history, however, starts with Archibald Campbell, who lived in the 11^th century and who married Eva, daughter and heiress of Paul O’Duin, and thus became the Lord of Lochow. Sir Colin Campbell, of Lochow, sixth in descent from the first Archibald, (Gillespic) was knighted by Kind Alexander 3^rd , in 1280, he added largely to his estates and on The Fiery Cross.

A place was designated where at the call of the Chief, all male members of the clan gathered in an emergency. Runners sent the fiery cross to all the territory of the clan. The cross itself was made by the chief fixing together two pieces of wood in the form of a cross, one end being seared in the fire the extinguished in the blood of a goat, killed by the chief; the other end was fixed a white rag which was dipped in the blood of the goat. The runners passed this from one another, covering as much of the territory as

possible, each shouting the battle cry of the Clan, "Cruachan"

Sir Neil Campbell, of Lochow, joined Robert Bruce, who secured the independence of Scotland by the decisive battle of Bannockburn in 1314, and served him by being at his side in the preceding battles against King Edward 2^nd.The battle of Bannockburn firmly established Robert Bruce on the throne of Scotland. In appreciation of his many services to King Robert Bruce gave to Lord Neil Campbell his sister Lady Mary Bruce in Marriage²

Lord Neil Campbell’s Son Sir Colin Campbell, obtained from King Robert Bruce, his uncle, a charter of the lands of Lochow and Atornish, February 10, 1316 and in 1334 he was made hereditary governor of the Castle of Dunoon, in Cowal, with a grant of lands for the support of his dignity.

As the history is long we will skip over some 250 years, merely mentioning that the family continued being more and more powerful holding a great many of the highest offices among the nobility of Scotland.

In 1567 the Earl of Argyle was lord Chief Justice, General of Scotland and sat at the trial of James, Earl of Bothwell, for the murder of Henry, Lord Downley, the husband of Mary, Queen of Scots⁴.

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1. King Bobert Bruce was succeded by his nephew Robert Stuart, this establishing the Stuarts on the throne of Scotland. In 1542, the Daughter of James IV (Stuart) Mary (Queen of Scots) came to the Throne. After her tragic end she was succeeded by her son James IV. In 1603 who also came to the throne of England (and Scotland) at the death of Queen Elizabeth at which time the realms were united.

2. Lady Mary Bruce was born before 1292. She was the daughter of Sir Robert le Brus, 1st Lord Brus and Margaret, Countess of Carrick.¹ She married, firstly, Sir Neil Campbell of Lochow, son of Sir Colin Campbell of Lochow, circa 1312.¹ She married, secondly, Sir Alexander Fraser circa 1316.¹ She died before 22 September 1323.
From circa 1312, her married name became Campbell

3. Robert Bruce, Born 1274, as Earl of Carrick, swore fealty to Edward, King of England in 1296 and in 1297 he fought on the English side against Wallace. In 1299 he became one of the 12 Regents of the Kingdom. In 1306 he learned that King Edward meditated putting him to death on information given by the traitor Comyn. He got Comyn at Dumfries then assembled his vassals at Lochaben Castle and claimed the throne of Scotland which he received at Scone March 27, 1306. Being defeated in two Battles with Edward, he retired to Rathlin Castle where he was reported dead. But in the Spring of 1307 he landed on the Carrick Coast, defeated the Earl of Pembroke at Loudon Hill and in two years has wrested nearly the entire country from the English. In 1314 he defeated the English at Bannockburn; many battles followed until on March 4, 1328 when a treaty was concluded by which the independence of Scotland was fully recognized. He died at Cardross Castle on June 7, 1329

4. See State Trials and Proceedings by Francis Hargreaves for report of trial (Hargrove April 12, 1567 pps. 79 – 82.

Thus they continued holding many of the high civil and Judiciary offices of Scotland until the fall of the Marquis of Argyle in 1661, due to religious persecution. As the life of the Marquis of Argyle seems to properly start the history of the Campbell’s in America, and especially those of Monmouth, N.J., we will take notice of his life and death.

The First Marquis of Argyle

The Marquess of Argyle was born in 1598 and died in 1691, he was educated at St. Andrews University and when his father, the 7^th Earl of Argyle, renounced Protestantism and went to Spain in 1619, his son the 8^th Earl of Argyle took over management of the estates which were large and, according Baille (Robert Baillie (1602-1662), Scottish divine and historical writer ), "by far the most powerful in the kingdom" The lands he owned or controlled were Argyleshire, the largest shire in Scotland, and lying on the west coast. It embraced not only a large area on the mainland, but also a number of the inner Hebrides, the islands of Coll Tirce, Mull, Iona, Colonsay, Jura, Lsla, Giga, etc. It was bounded on the North by Ivernes shire, on the East by Perth and Dumbarton, Loch Long and Firth of Clyde, on the South by the North Channel (Irish Sea) and the West by the Atlantic Ocean. It covers 1,990, 472 acres of Land and 35,311 acres of water for a total of 3,165 square miles.¹

He was made the Privy Councillor of Scotland in 1626 and created the Narquess of Argyle with a pension of 1000 pounds per year. In 1638 he warned King Charles 1^st against the desperate ecclesial policy to invade Argyleshire and to stir up the McDonalds against the Campbells. Never the less, King Charles gave a secret commission to the Earl of Antrum to accomplish this very purpose. The Marquess, then Earl, definitely took up the side of the Conenentors in defense of the Scottish national religion and liberties; his grandfather having in 1557, with other Lords of Scotland, drawn up and signed the first Covanent.

In 1646 Oliver Cromwell, having defeated the army of Charles 1^st the King and his son (Charles 2^nd ) took refuge with the scotts and on January 1647 was turned over to the English Parliament who had him beheaded, on a charge of treason, July 29, 1649 at Whitehall.². The son, Prince Charles, fled to Holland

The Marquess of Argyle being at the time one of the Lords of the Scottish Parliament was held somewhat responsible by King Charles 2^nd for the delivery of King Charles to the English Parliament and there for indirectly for his beheading, even though it was through the Marquess invitation that Charles 2^nd came back to Scotland with the Marquess’s Son the ningth Earl of Argyle, whom the Marquess sent to Holland to accompany him back to Scotland in 1650. King Charles arrived back in Scotland in 1651 and was crowned King of Scotland at Scone, the Marquess placing the crown upon his head. The king was not long in Scotland before Cromwell pursued him and he was forced again to flee to France where he stayed until the Restoration at which time things being more favorable in England, the Scots invited him to return , under the protection of Monck, the commander of the Army. He arrived in London on May 29, 1660.

In 1654, Cromwell excluded the Marquess from the general pardon extended to the Scots, but subsequently the Marquess made a composition with Cromwell.

^{1.The Hebrides extend 200 miles from the north to the south along the
west coast of Scotland.
^{2 Cromwell assumed the Proctectorship in 1653 and died in September
1660
On the King’s return to England in 1660, the Marquess , though advised not
to do so, on account of the change in the attitude of the King, posted to London
with other Lords of Scotland, to congratulate the King on his return, but upon
arriving at Whitehall, he was seized and sent to the Tower of London and from
there sent to Edinburgh to stand trial.
Of this trial, Kirkton says, in his History of the Church of Scotland¹
"And the Marquis of Argyle, being at that time almost dictator of Scotland
to make sure of himself, being in great danger from the envy of his enemies,
thought good to strike up a match betwixt the King and his daughter, Lady Anne
(Campbell) to which the King assented with all assurance, though all that poor
family had by the bargain was a disappointment so grievous to the young lady,
that of a gallant young gentlewoman, she loosed her spirit and turned absolutely
distracted. The first clap of Royal indignation fell upon the Marquis of Argyle
who upon the news of his Majesties return, when he was posted to London with the
rest, entering Whitehall with confidence to salute his Majesty, had only this
for his entertainment, that as soon as ever the King heard he was there, with an
angry stamp of his foot, he commanded Sir William Fleming to execute his orders,
who there upon conveyed the Marquis straight to the Tower, there to lie, till he
was sent down to Scotland to die a sacrifice to royal jealousy and revenge.
Burnet’s History of his Own Times²"Middleton and his
associates who had now got in their hands, the administration of Scottish
affairs, were very poor and they were equally avaricious., the estate of the
Marquis of Argyle was a large one, they had a desire to divide it among
themselves" and Wodow³remarks "they supposed, having cut
off the Marquis, (this) would not be a matter of much difficulty. Differences among
themselves combined with other causes, however, after they had committed the
crime, prevented them from reaping those happy results they anticipated."
He was beheaded on May 27, 1661 on an evidently wrought up charge of treason
made by his enemies}}

1. The Secret and True History of the Church of Scotland from the Restoration to the Year 1678 by James Kirkton

^{2. Bishop Burnet's History of his own time: with the suppressed
passages of the first volume, and notes by the earls of Dartmouth and Hardwicke,
and Speaker Onslow, hitherto unpublished (1823)

^{3 The church historian Robert Wodrow's
(1679-1734) History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland is a massive,
detailed classic, most worthy of being reprinted. Historical scholarship has
proven that this set of books forms a reliable work written by a diligent
historian who served for some years as a librarian prior to ministering in a
small charge near Paisley, Scotland.

Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll (c. 1629–1685) was Earl from 1663
following the restoration of the title two years after his father, the Marquess
of Argyll, was executed for treason. Although he shared few of his father's
political convictions, displaying little enthusiasm for the Covenants, he too
was destined to be executed for treason, after leading an abortive Highland
rebellion against James VII in 1685, the Scottish dimension of the rising
further south by James, Duke of Monmouth.
In 1663, King Charles 11, being sensible of the great injustice done to the
Marquis and the Campbell Family, restored to the Earl the Estates and the
Offices and the title of Earl, making him thus the ninth Earle of Argyle. On
April 29, 1664, he was added to the Scottish Council by the King and when the
Lords of Articles began their work by appointing a committee for religion he was
appointed for this matter. Wodrow says" Of this committee that excellent
person Archibald, Earl of Argyle, was a very worth member, seeing as he really
had the protestant religion at his Heart. James, Duke of York, the King’s
brother had come to Scotland as Commissioner and as he was a papist at heart,
the Earl of Argyle was obnoxious to him because the Earl endeavored to protect
the Presbyterians, so far as possible against the cruel persecution then going
on.

Old Tennent Church, Tennent, NJ
Location of the Battle of Monmouth
Grave Site of John & William
Campbell (soldiers of the militia in the Revolutionary War)

Grandmother, Grandfather, & Son, Byron Briggs (Circa 1910)
Port-Au-Peck, NJ

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